Introduction: SALIVARY immunoglobulin A (IGA) has known as a biomarker of stress. Recent studies has shown chronic stress could weakened immune system. Nursing is a stressful occupation due to decrease quality of care and impairment of nurse's health.Objective: This study was performed to assess stress levels among nurses and official personnel and its relationship with IGA.Materials and Methods: 90 nurses and official personnels of various units of Aligoudarz Hospital enrolled this study. Stress level of them was measured by questionnaire and their saliva was collected and 19A level of it was measured by ELISA.Results: 71 of patients were female and 19 of them were male. Mean age and working years were 33.04 and 9.4 receptively. 52 patients were married. The highest score of stress belongs to nurses of Urgency, Male surgical and manager ward. The lowest score belongs to internal ward nurses.The lowest Value of saliva IGA was seen in Urgency ward nurses (12 mg/-) and the highest value of it was seen in pediatric ward nurses. There was inverse correlation between saliva IGA and stress. Significant relationship was seen between stress and years of working, place of work, kind of ward, age, nurses and personnels.Conclusion: In attention to nurses worked in various units under different condition and level of stress, measurement of saliva biomarkers such as IGA by several methods can perform in any place or ward in order to cure stress.

Introduction: The objective was to investIGAte the effect of different rated violent computer games regarding to types of personality and sex on neuroimmunoandocrine changes among Iranian children. Method: 209 participants were selected by cluster sampling method among students of secondary schools in Tehran. Their age ranged from 12 to 15 years. All Subjects were divided to 9 groups including a control group and 8 experimental groups which played selected electronic games for 40 minutes. Body temperature measured 10 minutes before beginning and 5 minutes to the end of the game; SALIVARY cortisol and SALIVARY IGA measured 5 minutes after the end of the game in all members of test and control (not playing in resting mode) groups and. All subjects filled out Eysenk personality inventory before the experiment. Results: Neuroimmunoandocrine changes were moderated by playing different rated violent electronic games and gender under interaction with different levels of personality type and gender. Music was also moderated immunological responses under interaction of gender. Conclusion: Neuroimmunoandocrine changes regarding to personality and gender are affected by violence in game's content.

Introduction: Probiotics have been associated to various benefits on oral health, partially through regulation of local immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics on SALIVARY IGA.Materials & Methods: This randomized, triple-blind trial was conducted on 40 healthy non-smoker volunteers. The subjects were assigned to two age- and sex-matched groups ingesting 200 g of a regular yoghurt (control) or a yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria (treatment group) once daily for 8 weeks. Unstimulated SALIVARY samples were collected from the subjects at weeks 0, 4 and 8 of trial and total SALIVARY IGA concentration was determined using ELISA. Saliva volume was measured and SALIVARY IGA secretion rate was calculated. The differences in IGA means were statistically analyzed by repeated measurments (a=0.05).Results: Over the trial period, no significant changes were found among the SALIVARY IGA concentrations of control group; however, treatment group presented a non-significant increase (P>0.05). There were not significant differences in concentration and secretion rate between two groups at each time point of study (P>0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, an 8-week period daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt could not alter the SALIVARY IGA concentrations, although it persuades an increase trend in SALIVARY IGA secretion rate.

Introduction: One of the most important and complex functions of saliva is its defensive role, which is mainly performed by immunoglobulins, especially secretory IGA. This study investIGAted the effect of orthodontic treatment on changes in the SALIVARY levels of IGA.  Materials and Methods: Forty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were examined in two fixed and removable groups. Saliva collection was done in three stages: before orthodontic treatment and three and six months after orthodontic treatment. SALIVARY IGA level was measured using the ELISA method. First, the SALIVARY samples were centrifuged, and then the amount of IGA in the upper part of the solution was determined using the ELISA method.  Results: In the fixed and removable orthodontic treatment groups, the amount of SALIVARY IGA before treatment, three months after treatment, and six months after treatment, according to ANOVA, showed a significant difference in the mean of SALIVARY IGA levels.  Conclusion: With the start of orthodontic treatment, one can witness an increase in the defense mechanisms of saliva, as evidenced by an increase in the amount of IGA, with differences between fixed and removable orthodontic treatments.

Diabetes Mellitus as the most common metabolic disease of human has wide range of oral consequences such as oral infections which could make changes in the properties of saliva. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of SALIVARY IGA in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the population consisted of 40 persons including 20 diabetic and 20 non-diabetic subjects. All of them had not eaten, drunk or smoked at least 90 minutes before sampling. Sampling launched and the SALIVARY IGA was measured with nephelometric procedure with Minineph kit (Minineph TM Human Kit, Binding Site Ltd, Birmingham, UK).The data were statistically analyzed by T-test and chi-square using SPSS software.Results: In 70% of the case group, SALIVARY IGA was higher than the normal (>37.6mg/dl) but none were higher than normal in the non-diabetic (control) group and this difference was statically significant (p=0.009). IGA and age (p=0.303), and IGA and sex (p=0.0398) had no significant correlation on both case and control group.Conclusion: SALIVARY IGA of diabetic patients is higher than the non-diabetics (p=0.009).

The purpose of this study was to investIGAtion SALIVARY IGA and Cortisol response to increase exercise sessions. Method: Eleven elite gymnasts females [mean age 1l±2 years, hight 145±11cm, wight 34±8 kg] performed gymnastic exercise on two separate days. In first day eaeh the subjects exercised one bout from 6 to 8 P.M. In the second day protocole was performed from 8:30 to 10:30 A.M. and then exercised again form 6 to 8 P.M. SALIVARY samples collected before, immediately and after 2 following the exercise in each bout. SALIVARY IGA and cortisol concentrations measured by Neflometry and Elisa methods respectively. Results: IGA concentration was 5.52±3 (ml/d) in first day and 5.72±4 in second day, (p>0.05) cortisol consentration was 18.51±3 (ng/ml) in first day and 8.67±3 in second day, p<0.05. Discussion and conclusion: No significant changes were observed in the concentration of IGA after two sessions exercise, but concentration of cortisol increased significantly. No relationship markedly found between IGA and cortisol after exercise. These results indicated that changes in concentration of IGA was not influenced by volume of exercise. Howerver the concentration of cortisol shown tobe influenced significantly by volume of exercise.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. The impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on SALIVARY IGA production has not been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we investIGAted the SALIVARY IGA levels in patients suffered from upper respiratory tract diseases to indicate the effect of these diseases on SALIVARY IGA production.METHODS: In this study, SALIVARY IGA level of 156 patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract including chronic rhinosinusitis, ear and pharynx diseases have been evaluated by direct immunoenzymatic determination.RESULTS: In pharynx disorders 11.8% of patients were IGA deficient, 76.2% were normal and11.8% had elevated level of IGA.In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis IGA deficiency was observed in 9.2%, 75.9% were normal and there was an elevation in 14.8% of patients. In ear disorders 11.6% were IGA deficient, 76.7% normal and 11.6% had elevated IGA level.CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence for the first time that changes in SALIVARY IGA level are almost the same in different sites of infectious and inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract. Our investIGAtion revealed that local up regulation of SALIVARY IGA is not particular interest in majority of patients with upper respiratory tract infections.